Depression: Treaments & subsequent symptoms
Jetpak is Public
Created By: boatsie
Last Modified: 07/23/08
Summary: A compilation of information relative to the treatment of bipoloar and uni-polar depression; PET scans as a diagnostic tool

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Breathing 100% oxygen from an aviators' oxygen mask.

Breathing 100% oxygen from an aviators' oxygen mask.

Summary: Breathing 100% oxygen from an aviators' oxygen mask.
From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy

Infrared Sauna

Infrared Sauna

Summary: Infrared Sauna
From: http://www.wellnessproductsllc.com/depression-treatment.php

glucose metabolism; sleep deprivation

I've struggled to see why this works, it seems so paradoxical. You have a group whose sleep is already screwed up because of the depression, you further screw it up by keeping them awake all night and they get better.

From: http://www.mentalhealth.com/mag1/p5m-dp05.html

link to clinical trial page on sleep deprivation

http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00581009

clinical trials sleep deprivation

Contact: Joseph C Wu, M.D.     949-824-7867     jcwu@uci.edu  

UC Irvine  


sleep deprivation and psychosis/bipolor, major depresive disorder

A 2001 study at Chicago Medical Institute suggested that sleep deprivation may be linked to more serious diseases, such as heart disease and mental illnesses, such as psychosis and bipolar disorder.[citation needed] A 2003 Universtity of California study found that REM sleep deprivation alleviates clinical depression. Although the mechanism is unclear it is suggested that the deprivation mimics the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) however the study also indicated that REM sleep was essential for blocking neurotransmitters and allowing the neurotransmitter receptors to "rest" and regain sensitivity which in turn leads to improved regulation of mood and increased learning ability. Non REM sleep may allow enzymes to repair brain cell damage caused by free radicals. High metabolic activity while awake damages the enzymes themselves preventing efficient repair. The study observed the first evidence of brain damage in rats as a direct result of sleep deprivation.[7]

Animal studies suggest that sleep deprivation increases stress hormones, which may reduce new cell production in adult brains.

few US families not impacted by mental illness

  • According to recent estimates, approximately 20 percent of Americans, or about one in five people over the age of 18, suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.
  • Four of the 10 leading causes of disability—major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—are mental illnesses.
  • About 3 percent of the population have more than one mental illness at a time.
  • About 5 percent of adults are affected so seriously by mental illness that it interferes with their ability to function in society. These severe and persistent mental illnesses include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, other severe forms of depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
  • Approximately 20 percent of doctors’ appointments are related to anxiety disorders such as panic attacks.
  • Eight million people have depression each year.
  • Two million Americans have schizophrenia disorders, and 300,000 new cases are diagnosed each year.

From: http://science-education.nih.gov/supplements/nih5/Mental/guide/info-mental-a.htm

Communication system abnormalities

Scientists believe that mental illnesses result from problems with the communication system in the brain.

From: http://science-education.nih.gov/supplements/nih5/Mental/guide/info-mental-b.htm

MRI reveals changes in brain structure; PET brain activity

PET imaging is not the only technique that researchers use to investigate how mental illness changes the brain. Different techniques provide different information to scientists. Another important technique is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unlike PET, which reveals changes in activity level, MRI is used to look at structural changes in the brain. For example, MRI studies reveal that the ventricles, or spaces within the brain, are larger in individuals who have schizophrenia compared with those of healthy individuals.

PET Scans show how mental illness changes brain

One extensively used technique to study brain activity and how mental illness changes the brain is positron emission tomography (PET). PET measures the spatial distribution and movement of a radioactive chemical injected into the tissues of living subjects. Because the patient is awake, the technique can be used to investigate the relationship between behavioral and physiological effects and changes in brain activity. PET scans can detect very small (nanomolar) concentrations of tracer molecules and achieve spatial resolution of about 4 millimeters. In addition, computers can reconstruct images obtained from a PET scan in two or three dimensions.





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